PM – Cardiovascular System

Which of the following is true of Eisenmenger’s syndrome?
A. Breathlessness and fatigue are common symptoms
B. It occurs in patients with patent foramen ovale
C. Left to right shunting occurs because of pulmonary hypertension
D. Life expectancy is markedly reduced
E. Patients are peripherally but not centrally cyanosed

In which of these conditions can widen QRS and Tall-tented T waves be observed?

A 48 year old woman registers with a new family physician. She tells the doctor she had a small hole in her heart from birth but that it did not require any treatment. On examination, pulse is 70peats/min and regular; BP 122/76 mmHg. You detect a loud,
high-pitched systolic murmur at the left sternal border, accompanied by a thrill. Which of the following conditions would explain the history and physical findings?

In the normal electrocardiogram, which of the following are true
A. The PR interval is measured from the end of the P wave to the beginning of the R wave
B. Each small square represents 40 milliseconds at a standard paper speed of 25 mm/sec
C. The heart rate is 75 per minute if the R-R interval measures 4 cm
D. R waves become progressively larger from leads V₁-V6
E. The P wave represents sinoatrial node depolarization

Match the following List of Pulse with their corresponding disorders.
Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below,

Match the following abnormalities of the jugular venous pulse listed with their disorders:

True about Atrial fibrillation (AF) are,
A. Present in 10% of the elderly population over the age of 75 years
B. Produces regularly regular pulse
C. ECG shows normal with irregular QRS complex and Inverted P waves
D. A common presenting feature of the sick sinus syndrome
E. It is an important cause of cerebral embolism

Given below are two statements.
Statement I: The transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is used to evaluate prosthetic mitral valve dysfunction
Statement II: In echocardiography intracardiac clot cannot be distinguished from normal endocardial tissue
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Diagnosis of rheumatic fever in a patient with an elevated ASO (antistreptolysin O) titre is confirmed by,
A. Fever with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
B. Arthralgia and a previous history of rheumatic fever
C. Chorea and a prolonged PR interval on ECG
D. Erythema nodosum and arthritis
E. Rheumatic nodules and pancarditis

Match the following List of heart sounds with their corresponding disorders.
Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below:

In patients with significant mitral stenosis all are true except,
A. The mitral valve orifice is reduced from 5 cm² to about 1 cm²
B. A history of rheumatic fever or chorea is elicited in over 90% of patients
C. Left atrial enlargement cannot be detected on the chest X-ray
D. The risk of systemic emboli is trivial in sinus rhythm
E. Mitral balloon valvuloplasty is not advisable if there is also significant mitral regurgitation

Disorders associated with aortic regurgitation include all except:

Given below are two statements.
Statement I: Unstable angina is due to plaque rupture, thrombosis or coronary artery spasmStatement II: Unstable angina is associated with progression to myocardial infarction in 15% of cases
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Which among the following are true regarding Fallot‘s tetralogy?

A 34 year old woman presents with symptoms of breathlessness on exertion, a malar flush and has a past history of rheumatic fever. She is in sinus rhythm and has an echocardiogram that confirms mitral stenosis. Which physical sign is she likely to have?

Match the following List of murmurs with their corresponding disorders.
Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Right BBB is most often the result of left ventricular hypertrophy
Statement II: Left BBB produces reversed splitting of the second heart soundIn the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

What relationship does Starling‘s Law of the heart describe?

Which of the following physical signs is associated with left ventricular failure?

Which of the following best describes dilated cardiomyopathy?

In patients with a pericardia! effusion, what is the most important clinical sign to determine whether there is cardiac tamponade?

An 80 year old man presents with an incidental ejection systolic murmur. His family physician notices a parasternal thrill. What is the likely underlying reason for the thrill?

In what manner is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
commonly inherited?

A patient presents with an incidental finding of a mass in the left atrium whilst undergoing an echocardiogram for hypertension. What is the most likely cardiac tumour in this situation?

Limb ischaemia can take many forms and has varied causes. This may result in sudden acute vessel occlusion from arterial spasm or thrombosis, or more chronic processes. What is the most likely underlying cause of severe limb ischaemia in an otherwise well, thin 30 year old heavy smoker?

Erb‘s Point in cardiology refers to:

All of the following statements about third Heart sound (S3) are true, except:

P wave is due to:

Predisposing factors for coronary artery disease include, all Except:

The most common toxin causing Dilated Cardiomyopathy is:

Kussmaul‘s sign is classically described in:

Which condition is most commonly associated with coarctation of aorta?

Acute Infective Endocarditis with abscess formation is most commonly associated with

In Marfan‘s syndrome, Aortic aneurysm occurs most commonly in:

Most common cause of embolic stroke is?

Most common cause of heart block in infants is

The type of arteritis which may lead to myocardial infarction in children is

Rytand‘s murmur is seen in

Which is not a high pitched heart sound

Which of the following arrhythmia is most commonly associated with alcohol binge in the alcoholics

Treatment of asymptomatic bradycardia is

Canon ‘a‘ wave is seen in

Most characteristic cardiovascular defect seen in Rubella-

Alcoholic shows which type of cardiomyopathy-

Which murmur increases on standing?

Which of the following complications is not seen in mitral valve prolapse

The severity of mitral stenosis can be judged by-

Levine sign is seen in

Infarcts involving which portion of the myocardium cause aneurysm as a post- MI complication-

Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound is seen in?