PM – Renal System

Normal combined kidney volume is about ?

Given below are two statements;
Statement I:Cystatin C is a member of cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors
Statement II:Cystatin C is produced at a relatively constant rate from all nucleated cells
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

In general, patients do not develop symptomatic uremia until
GFR is ?

Normal red blood cell excretion in urine is ?

The BUN / P Cr ratio in prerenal azotemia is ?

Disease that allows “selective” loss of albumin is ?

Isolated hematuria may be a feature of
A.Urogenital neoplasms
B.Hypercalciuria
C.Hyperoxaluria
D.Hyperuricosuria

Given below are two statements;
Statement I:Cystatin C is a member of cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors
Statement II:Cystatin C is produced at a relatively constant rate from all nucleated cells
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

What percentage of total body water is found as extracellular
fluid (ECF) ?

Water channels in collecting ducts activated by AVP(Arginine vasopressin) are encoded by ?

Majority of filtered sodium is reabsorbed in ?

Normally, sodium concentration of sweat is ?

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A):Congenital Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is X-linked
recessive trait due to mutations in V2 receptor gene
Reason (R):Congenital Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) may be
due to mutation in autosomal aquaporin-2 gene
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Potassium delivery to distal nephron approximates ?

Aldosterone is secreted by zona glomerulosa cells of adrenal
cortex in response to ?
A. High renin
B. High angiotensin II
C. Hyperkalemia

Which of the following is a cause of decreased potassium
intake ?

Hypokalemia is associated frequently with ?

Tumor that produce renin include ?
A. Renal cell carcinoma
B. Ovarian carcinoma
C. Wilms’ tumor

Ratio of water in intravascular and extravascular spaces is ?

A change in ICF osmolality is due to a change in

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A):Liddle’s syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease
Reason (R):Liddle’s syndrome characterized by hypokalemic
metabolic alkalosis
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Nutritional vitamin D deficiency is best assessed by ?

Which part of nephron reabsorbs most of HCO 3
– ions ?

Fanconi syndrome is characterized by
A. Glycosuria
B. Generalized aminoaciduria
C. Phosphaturia
D.Hyperoxaluria

In kidneys, number of different cell types found is about ?

Which of the following is an inherited disorder of the thick
ascending limb ?

Which of the following aquaporin is not regulated by
vasopressin in the collecting duct ?

Pigmented “muddy brown” granular cast is characteristic of ?

What proportion of glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed in
the proximal tubules ?

In earliest portion of proximal tubule, which of the following is
the principal ion that accompanies the reabsorption of
sodium ?

Which of the following urinary feature is diagnostic of
glomerulonephritis ?
A.Hematuria with dysmorphic RBCs
B.RBC casts
C.Protein excretion >100 mg/day

CKD is likely if bilateral kidney size is ?

In peritoneal dialysis, for how many hours dextrose-containing
solution is allowed to remain in the peritoneal cavity

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in the elderly is ?

Cortical nephron has how many capillary beds arranged in
series ?

Which of the following is false about Alport’s syndrome ?

Normally, the BUN:creatinine ratio is about ?

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is most often due to ?

What is the size of creatinine molecule ?

Primary cause of anemia in patients with CKD is ?

What percentage of renal plasma flow is filtered into Bowman’s
space ?

Which of the following is associated with poor prognosis in
late-stage CKD patients ?
A. Low blood pressure
B. Reduced body mass index
C. Hypolipidemia
D. High blood pressure

Tamm-Horsfall protein is secreted by epithelial cells of ?

Endogenous nephrotoxins include
A. Calcium
B. Hemoglobin
C. Magnesium
D.Myoglobin

Water-permeability is highest in ?

How many glomeruli does each kidney contain in a normal-
birth-weight adult ?

Serum levels of calcium in severe hypercalcemia is more than

Gordon’s syndrome includes
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Normal GFR
D. High renin

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A):SIADH is characterized by normal renal, adrenal & thyroid function
Reason (R):SIADH usually have normal K + & acid-base balance
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Positive “oil droplet sign” in Alport’s syndrome pertains to ?